Isoorientin is a natural product isolated and purified from the herbs of Polygonum orientale Linn. with antioxidant activity.

Avicularin, a natural product isolated and purified from the herbs of Polygonum aviculare., exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the suppression of ERK signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.

Taxifolin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside is a natural product isolated and purified from the herbs of Polygonum perfoliatum.

2-Methoxystypandrone, a natural product isolated and purified from the roots of Polygonum cuspidatum, displays an immunomodulatory effect in a cellular model, specifically inhibits JAK and IKKβ kinase activities, blocks inflammatory responses by impairing NF-κB signaling to limit the inflammation and oxidative stress for preservation of BBB integrity, concomitantly promotes neurodevelopmental protein expression and endogenous neurogenesis through inactivation of GSK3β to enhance β-catenin signaling for upexpression of neuroprotective genes and proteins, and has anti-osteoclastogenic effect, could reflect the block of RANKL-induced association of TRAF6-TAK1 complexes with consequent decrease of IkappaB-mediated NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases-mediated c-Fos activation pathways and suppression of NFATc1 and other gene expression, essential for bone resorption.

Polygonal is a natural product isolated and purified from the roots of Polygonum hydropiper.