L-theanine is an amino acid found most commonly in tea leaves and binds to ionotropic glutamate receptors in the micromolar range, including the AMPA and kainate receptors and, to a lesser extent, the NMDA receptor.

Kainic acid 是一种强效的兴奋毒素和离子型谷氨酸受体亚型的激动剂，能够诱发癫痫发作，广泛用于神经科学研究中的癫痫模型。

(S)-Willardiine is a potent agonist of AMPA/kainate receptors with EC50 of 44.8 μM.

Selurampanel is a competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist drug for epilepsy.