Sappanchalcone, a natural product isolated and purified from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L., suppresses oral cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis through the activation of p53-dependent mitochondrial, p38, ERK, JNK, and NF-κB signaling, could potentially used to treat periodontal, pulpal , periapical inflammatory lesion and oral cancer.

Protosappanin A是一种从 Caesalpinia sappan L 中分离的主要联苯类化合物，具有免疫调节作用。PTA 通过下调 JAK2 和 STAT3 的磷酸化抑制 JAK2/STAT3 依赖的炎症通路，展示出抗炎和神经保护潜力。

Ombuin, a natural product isolated and purified from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L., inhibits some macrophage functions involved in the inflammatory process, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interferon (IFN)-gamma induced nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-12].

Brazilin是一种从热带硬木心材中提取的红色染料前体。它通过 AMPK/mTOR 通路抑制细胞增殖，促进细胞凋亡并诱导自噬。

Caesalmin B is a natural product isolated and purified from the seed kernels of Caesalpinia crista, showing significant dose-dependent inhibitory effects on Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3/A2 growth in vitro.

7,3',4'-Trihydroxy-3-benzyl-2H-chromene, a natural product isolated and purified from the heartwoods of Caesalpinia sappan L., is a potential xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Caesalmin E is a natural product isolated and purified from Caesalpinia minax.

3-Deoxysappanone B, a natural product isolated and purified from the heartwoods of Caesalpinia sappan with vasorelaxation effects, can mediate endothelium- independent vasodilator action in rat thoracic aortic rings.

Bonducellpin D is a natural product isolated and purified from the seeds of Caesalpinia minax.

10-O-Methylprotosappanin B is a natural product isolated and purified from the dried heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L..

3-(2-Glucosyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid is a natural product isolated and purified from the barks of Caesalpinia bonduc with glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitory and antifungal activities.

2-Acetoxy-3-deacetoxycaesaldekarin E is a natural product isolated and purified from plants.

5-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)chroman-4-one is a natural product isolated and purified from the heartwoods of Caesalpinia sappan.